cstdlib.cpp.hpp

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#include "fl/stl/cstdlib.h"
#include "fl/stl/bit_cast.h"  // fl::reinterpret_cast_
#include "fl/stl/cstring.h"
#include "platforms/is_platform.h"  // IWYU pragma: keep
 
// IWYU pragma: begin_keep
#include <stdlib.h>  // ok include
#if defined(FL_IS_WIN)
#include <malloc.h>  // ok include  — _aligned_malloc / _aligned_free
#endif
#ifdef FL_IS_STUB
    #include <cstdlib>  // ok include
#include "fl/stl/noexcept.h"
#endif
// IWYU pragma: end_keep
 
namespace fl {
 
namespace detail {
 
// Over-allocate with plain malloc and align by hand, stashing the original
// pointer just before the aligned block for aligned_free_via_malloc(). Used
// where newlib's aligned_alloc would need posix_memalign (#4817: returning
// bare malloc silently ignored `alignment`, e.g. a 32-byte DMA/cache-line
// request got 8-byte storage on Cortex-M). Built on every platform so host
// tests cover it.
void *aligned_alloc_via_malloc(fl::size_t alignment, fl::size_t size) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
    if (alignment < sizeof(void *)) {
        alignment = sizeof(void *);
    }
    if ((alignment & (alignment - 1)) != 0) {
        return nullptr;  // alignment must be a power of two
    }
    const fl::size_t overhead = alignment - 1 + sizeof(void *);
    if (size > static_cast<fl::size_t>(-1) - overhead) {
        return nullptr;  // size + overhead would wrap
    }
    void *raw = ::malloc(size + overhead);
    if (raw == nullptr) {
        return nullptr;
    }
    const fl::uptr start = fl::reinterpret_cast_<fl::uptr>(raw) + sizeof(void *);
    const fl::uptr aligned = (start + alignment - 1) & ~(fl::uptr(alignment) - 1);
    void **slot = fl::reinterpret_cast_<void **>(aligned);
    slot[-1] = raw;
    return slot;
}
 
void aligned_free_via_malloc(void *ptr) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
    if (ptr != nullptr) {
        ::free(static_cast<void **>(ptr)[-1]);  // original malloc block
    }
}
 
}  // namespace detail
 
// ============================================================================
// fl::aligned_alloc / fl::aligned_free
// ============================================================================
 
void *libc_impl::aligned_alloc(fl::size_t alignment, fl::size_t size) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
#if defined(FL_IS_AVR) || defined(FL_IS_ESP8266) || defined(FL_IS_ARM) || \
    defined(FL_IS_APOLLO3) || defined(FL_IS_CI13XX)
    // Many bare-metal toolchains (newlib-nano on STM32, nRF52, SAMD, RP2040,
    // Teensy, etc.) ship an aligned_alloc that internally calls
    // posix_memalign, which doesn't exist on bare-metal and causes an
    // "undefined reference to `posix_memalign'" link error.
    return detail::aligned_alloc_via_malloc(alignment, size);
#elif defined(FL_IS_WIN)
    return ::_aligned_malloc(size, alignment);
#elif defined(FL_IS_ESP32) && !ESP_IDF_VERSION_4_OR_HIGHER
    // ESP-IDF 3.x toolchain (GCC 5.2 / newlib) does not provide
    // ::aligned_alloc. Fall back to plain malloc.
    (void)alignment;
    return ::malloc(size);
#else
    fl::size_t aligned_size = (size + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1);
    return ::aligned_alloc(alignment, aligned_size);
#endif
}
 
void aligned_free(void *ptr) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
#if defined(FL_IS_AVR) || defined(FL_IS_ESP8266) || defined(FL_IS_ARM) || \
    defined(FL_IS_APOLLO3) || defined(FL_IS_CI13XX)
    detail::aligned_free_via_malloc(ptr);
#elif defined(FL_IS_WIN)
    ::_aligned_free(ptr);
#else
    ::free(ptr);
#endif
}
 
// Helper function to check if a character is a digit in the given base
static bool isDigitInBase(char c, int base) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
    if (base <= 10) {
        return c >= '0' && c < ('0' + base);
    }
    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
        return true;
    }
    if (c >= 'a' && c < ('a' + base - 10)) {
        return true;
    }
    if (c >= 'A' && c < ('A' + base - 10)) {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}
 
// Helper function to convert character to digit value
static int charToDigit(char c) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
        return c - '0';
    }
    if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') {
        return c - 'a' + 10;
    }
    if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') {
        return c - 'A' + 10;
    }
    return 0;
}
 
long libc_impl::strtol(const char* str, char** endptr, int base) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
    if (!str) {
        if (endptr) {
            *endptr = const_cast<char*>(str);
        }
        return 0;
    }
 
    const char* p = str;
    long result = 0;
    bool negative = false;
 
    // Skip leading whitespace
    while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\f' || *p == '\v') {
        p++;
    }
 
    // Handle sign
    if (*p == '-') {
        negative = true;
        p++;
    } else if (*p == '+') {
        p++;
    }
 
    // Auto-detect base if base is 0
    if (base == 0) {
        if (*p == '0') {
            if (*(p + 1) == 'x' || *(p + 1) == 'X') {
                base = 16;
                p += 2;
            } else {
                base = 8;
                p++;
            }
        } else {
            base = 10;
        }
    } else if (base == 16) {
        // Skip optional 0x/0X prefix for base 16
        if (*p == '0' && (*(p + 1) == 'x' || *(p + 1) == 'X')) {
            p += 2;
        }
    }
 
    // Validate base
    if (base < 2 || base > 36) {
        if (endptr) {
            *endptr = const_cast<char*>(str);
        }
        return 0;
    }
 
    // Parse digits
    const char* start = p;
    while (*p && isDigitInBase(*p, base)) {
        result = result * base + charToDigit(*p);
        p++;
    }
 
    // Set endptr to point to first invalid character
    if (endptr) {
        if (p == start) {
            // No digits parsed
            *endptr = const_cast<char*>(str);
        } else {
            *endptr = const_cast<char*>(p);
        }
    }
 
    return negative ? -result : result;
}
 
unsigned long libc_impl::strtoul(const char* str, char** endptr, int base) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
    if (!str) {
        if (endptr) {
            *endptr = const_cast<char*>(str);
        }
        return 0;
    }
 
    const char* p = str;
    unsigned long result = 0;
 
    // Skip leading whitespace
    while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\f' || *p == '\v') {
        p++;
    }
 
    // Handle optional + sign (ignore - for unsigned)
    if (*p == '+') {
        p++;
    } else if (*p == '-') {
        // Negative values wrap around for unsigned
        p++;
    }
 
    // Auto-detect base if base is 0
    if (base == 0) {
        if (*p == '0') {
            if (*(p + 1) == 'x' || *(p + 1) == 'X') {
                base = 16;
                p += 2;
            } else {
                base = 8;
                p++;
            }
        } else {
            base = 10;
        }
    } else if (base == 16) {
        // Skip optional 0x/0X prefix for base 16
        if (*p == '0' && (*(p + 1) == 'x' || *(p + 1) == 'X')) {
            p += 2;
        }
    }
 
    // Validate base
    if (base < 2 || base > 36) {
        if (endptr) {
            *endptr = const_cast<char*>(str);
        }
        return 0;
    }
 
    // Parse digits
    const char* start = p;
    while (*p && isDigitInBase(*p, base)) {
        result = result * base + charToDigit(*p);
        p++;
    }
 
    // Set endptr to point to first invalid character
    if (endptr) {
        if (p == start) {
            // No digits parsed
            *endptr = const_cast<char*>(str);
        } else {
            *endptr = const_cast<char*>(p);
        }
    }
 
    return result;
}
 
int libc_impl::atoi(const char* str) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
    return static_cast<int>(strtol(str, nullptr, 10));
}
 
long libc_impl::atol(const char* str) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
    return strtol(str, nullptr, 10);
}
 
double libc_impl::strtod(const char* str, char** endptr) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
    if (!str) {
        if (endptr) {
            *endptr = const_cast<char*>(str);
        }
        return 0.0;
    }
 
    const char* p = str;
    double result = 0.0;
    bool negative = false;
 
    // Skip leading whitespace
    while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\f' || *p == '\v') {
        p++;
    }
 
    // Handle sign
    if (*p == '-') {
        negative = true;
        p++;
    } else if (*p == '+') {
        p++;
    }
 
    const char* start = p;
 
    // Parse integer part
    while (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') {
        result = result * 10.0 + (*p - '0');
        p++;
    }
 
    // Parse fractional part
    if (*p == '.') {
        p++;
        double fraction = 0.1;
        while (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') {
            result += (*p - '0') * fraction;
            fraction *= 0.1;
            p++;
        }
    }
 
    // Parse exponent
    if (*p == 'e' || *p == 'E') {
        p++;
        bool expNegative = false;
        if (*p == '-') {
            expNegative = true;
            p++;
        } else if (*p == '+') {
            p++;
        }
 
        int exp = 0;
        while (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') {
            exp = exp * 10 + (*p - '0');
            p++;
        }
 
        double multiplier = 1.0;
        for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) {
            multiplier *= 10.0;
        }
 
        if (expNegative) {
            result /= multiplier;
        } else {
            result *= multiplier;
        }
    }
 
    // Set endptr
    if (endptr) {
        if (p == start) {
            *endptr = const_cast<char*>(str);
        } else {
            *endptr = const_cast<char*>(p);
        }
    }
 
    return negative ? -result : result;
}
 
// Forward declarations for qsort helpers
namespace detail {
    void qsort_swap(char* a, char* b, size_t size) FL_NO_EXCEPT;
    void qsort_impl(char* base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, qsort_compare_fn compar) FL_NO_EXCEPT;
}
 
// Swap two elements of given size
void detail::qsort_swap(char* a, char* b, size_t size) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
    if (a == b) return;
    constexpr size_t STACK_BUF_SIZE = 64;
    if (size <= STACK_BUF_SIZE) {
        char tmp[STACK_BUF_SIZE];
        memcpy(tmp, a, size);
        memcpy(a, b, size);
        memcpy(b, tmp, size);
    } else {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
            char t = a[i];
            a[i] = b[i];
            b[i] = t;
        }
    }
}
 
// Insertion sort for small arrays (stable and efficient for small n)
static void qsort_insertion_sort(char* base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, qsort_compare_fn compar) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
    for (size_t i = 1; i < nmemb; ++i) {
        // Save current element in temp buffer
        char temp[256]; // Stack buffer for elements up to 256 bytes
        char* elem_i = base + i * size;
 
        if (size <= sizeof(temp)) {
            memcpy(temp, elem_i, size);
 
            size_t j = i;
            while (j > 0 && compar(temp, base + (j - 1) * size) < 0) {
                memcpy(base + j * size, base + (j - 1) * size, size);
                --j;
            }
 
            memcpy(base + j * size, temp, size);
        } else {
            // For large elements, use swaps instead of shifts
            size_t j = i;
            while (j > 0 && compar(elem_i, base + (j - 1) * size) < 0) {
                detail::qsort_swap(base + j * size, base + (j - 1) * size, size);
                --j;
            }
        }
    }
}
 
// Partition function for quicksort
static size_t qsort_partition(char* base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, qsort_compare_fn compar) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
    // Use median-of-three for pivot selection
    size_t mid = nmemb / 2;
    size_t last = nmemb - 1;
 
    char* first_elem = base;
    char* mid_elem = base + mid * size;
    char* last_elem = base + last * size;
 
    // Sort first, middle, last to find median
    if (compar(mid_elem, first_elem) < 0) {
        detail::qsort_swap(first_elem, mid_elem, size);
    }
    if (compar(last_elem, first_elem) < 0) {
        detail::qsort_swap(first_elem, last_elem, size);
    }
    if (compar(last_elem, mid_elem) < 0) {
        detail::qsort_swap(mid_elem, last_elem, size);
    }
 
    // Now mid_elem contains the median, swap it to end-1 position
    detail::qsort_swap(mid_elem, base + (last - 1) * size, size);
    char* pivot = base + (last - 1) * size;
 
    // Partition
    size_t i = 0;
    for (size_t j = 0; j < last - 1; ++j) {
        if (compar(base + j * size, pivot) < 0) {
            if (i != j) {
                detail::qsort_swap(base + i * size, base + j * size, size);
            }
            ++i;
        }
    }
 
    // Move pivot to its final position
    detail::qsort_swap(base + i * size, pivot, size);
    return i;
}
 
// Recursive quicksort implementation
void detail::qsort_impl(char* base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, qsort_compare_fn compar) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
    if (nmemb <= 1) {
        return;
    }
 
    // Use insertion sort for small arrays (threshold of 16)
    if (nmemb <= 16) {
        qsort_insertion_sort(base, nmemb, size, compar);
        return;
    }
 
    size_t pivot_idx = qsort_partition(base, nmemb, size, compar);
 
    // Sort left partition
    qsort_impl(base, pivot_idx, size, compar);
 
    // Sort right partition
    if (pivot_idx + 1 < nmemb) {
        qsort_impl(base + (pivot_idx + 1) * size, nmemb - pivot_idx - 1, size, compar);
    }
}
 
// qsort - Direct implementation without using fl::sort to avoid proxy iterator issues
void libc_impl::qsort(void* base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, qsort_compare_fn compar) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
    if (!base || nmemb <= 1 || size == 0 || !compar) {
        return;
    }
 
    char* arr = static_cast<char*>(base);
    detail::qsort_impl(arr, nmemb, size, compar);
}
 
u32 libc_impl::rand() FL_NO_EXCEPT {
    return static_cast<u32>(::rand());
}
 
// Get the value of an environment variable
// Only functional on FL_IS_STUB (stub platform), returns nullptr otherwise
const char* libc_impl::getenv(const char* name) FL_NO_EXCEPT {
#ifdef FL_IS_STUB
    return ::getenv(name);
#else
    (void)name;  // Suppress unused parameter warning
    return nullptr;
#endif
}
 
} // namespace fl