colorutils.cpp

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#define FASTLED_INTERNAL
#define __PROG_TYPES_COMPAT__
 
 
#include <stdint.h>
#include <math.h>
 
 
#include "FastLED.h"
#include "xymap.h"
 
FASTLED_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 
 
void fill_solid( struct CRGB * targetArray, int numToFill,
                 const struct CRGB& color)
{
    for( int i = 0; i < numToFill; ++i) {
        targetArray[i] = color;
    }
}
 
void fill_solid( struct CHSV * targetArray, int numToFill,
                 const struct CHSV& color)
{
    for( int i = 0; i < numToFill; ++i) {
        targetArray[i] = color;
    }
}
 
 
// void fill_solid( struct CRGB* targetArray, int numToFill,
//               const struct CHSV& hsvColor)
// {
//  fill_solid<CRGB>( targetArray, numToFill, (CRGB) hsvColor);
// }
 
void fill_rainbow( struct CRGB * targetArray, int numToFill,
                  uint8_t initialhue,
                  uint8_t deltahue )
{
    CHSV hsv;
    hsv.hue = initialhue;
    hsv.val = 255;
    hsv.sat = 240;
    for( int i = 0; i < numToFill; ++i) {
        targetArray[i] = hsv;
        hsv.hue += deltahue;
    }
}
 
void fill_rainbow( struct CHSV * targetArray, int numToFill,
                  uint8_t initialhue,
                  uint8_t deltahue )
{
    CHSV hsv;
    hsv.hue = initialhue;
    hsv.val = 255;
    hsv.sat = 240;
    for( int i = 0; i < numToFill; ++i) {
        targetArray[i] = hsv;
        hsv.hue += deltahue;
    }
}
 
 
void fill_rainbow_circular(struct CRGB* targetArray, int numToFill, uint8_t initialhue, bool reversed)
{
    if (numToFill == 0) return;  // avoiding div/0
 
    CHSV hsv;
    hsv.hue = initialhue;
    hsv.val = 255;
    hsv.sat = 240;
 
    const uint16_t hueChange = 65535 / (uint16_t)numToFill;  // hue change for each LED, * 256 for precision (256 * 256 - 1)
    uint16_t hueOffset = 0;  // offset for hue value, with precision (*256)
 
    for (int i = 0; i < numToFill; ++i) {
        targetArray[i] = hsv;
        if (reversed) hueOffset -= hueChange;
        else hueOffset += hueChange;
        hsv.hue = initialhue + (uint8_t)(hueOffset >> 8);  // assign new hue with precise offset (as 8-bit)
    }
}
 
void fill_rainbow_circular(struct CHSV* targetArray, int numToFill, uint8_t initialhue, bool reversed)
{
    if (numToFill == 0) return;  // avoiding div/0
 
    CHSV hsv;
    hsv.hue = initialhue;
    hsv.val = 255;
    hsv.sat = 240;
 
    const uint16_t hueChange = 65535 / (uint16_t) numToFill;  // hue change for each LED, * 256 for precision (256 * 256 - 1)
    uint16_t hueOffset = 0;  // offset for hue value, with precision (*256)
 
    for (int i = 0; i < numToFill; ++i) {
        targetArray[i] = hsv;
        if (reversed) hueOffset -= hueChange;
        else hueOffset += hueChange;
        hsv.hue = initialhue + (uint8_t)(hueOffset >> 8);  // assign new hue with precise offset (as 8-bit)
    }
}
 
 
void fill_gradient_RGB( CRGB* leds,
                   uint16_t startpos, CRGB startcolor,
                   uint16_t endpos,   CRGB endcolor )
{
    // if the points are in the wrong order, straighten them
    if( endpos < startpos ) {
        uint16_t t = endpos;
        CRGB tc = endcolor;
        endcolor = startcolor;
        endpos = startpos;
        startpos = t;
        startcolor = tc;
    }
 
    saccum87 rdistance87;
    saccum87 gdistance87;
    saccum87 bdistance87;
 
    rdistance87 = (endcolor.r - startcolor.r) << 7;
    gdistance87 = (endcolor.g - startcolor.g) << 7;
    bdistance87 = (endcolor.b - startcolor.b) << 7;
 
    uint16_t pixeldistance = endpos - startpos;
    int16_t divisor = pixeldistance ? pixeldistance : 1;
 
    saccum87 rdelta87 = rdistance87 / divisor;
    saccum87 gdelta87 = gdistance87 / divisor;
    saccum87 bdelta87 = bdistance87 / divisor;
 
    rdelta87 *= 2;
    gdelta87 *= 2;
    bdelta87 *= 2;
 
    accum88 r88 = startcolor.r << 8;
    accum88 g88 = startcolor.g << 8;
    accum88 b88 = startcolor.b << 8;
    for( uint16_t i = startpos; i <= endpos; ++i) {
        leds[i] = CRGB( r88 >> 8, g88 >> 8, b88 >> 8);
        r88 += rdelta87;
        g88 += gdelta87;
        b88 += bdelta87;
    }
}
 
#if 0
void fill_gradient( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2)
{
    fill_gradient( FastLED[0].leds(), FastLED[0].size(), c1, c2);
}
 
void fill_gradient( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2, const CHSV& c3)
{
    fill_gradient( FastLED[0].leds(), FastLED[0].size(), c1, c2, c3);
}
 
void fill_gradient( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2, const CHSV& c3, const CHSV& c4)
{
    fill_gradient( FastLED[0].leds(), FastLED[0].size(), c1, c2, c3, c4);
}
 
void fill_gradient_RGB( const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2)
{
    fill_gradient_RGB( FastLED[0].leds(), FastLED[0].size(), c1, c2);
}
 
void fill_gradient_RGB( const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2, const CRGB& c3)
{
    fill_gradient_RGB( FastLED[0].leds(), FastLED[0].size(), c1, c2, c3);
}
 
void fill_gradient_RGB( const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2, const CRGB& c3, const CRGB& c4)
{
    fill_gradient_RGB( FastLED[0].leds(), FastLED[0].size(), c1, c2, c3, c4);
}
#endif
 
 
 
 
void fill_gradient_RGB( CRGB* leds, uint16_t numLeds, const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2)
{
    uint16_t last = numLeds - 1;
    fill_gradient_RGB( leds, 0, c1, last, c2);
}
 
 
void fill_gradient_RGB( CRGB* leds, uint16_t numLeds, const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2, const CRGB& c3)
{
    uint16_t half = (numLeds / 2);
    uint16_t last = numLeds - 1;
    fill_gradient_RGB( leds,    0, c1, half, c2);
    fill_gradient_RGB( leds, half, c2, last, c3);
}
 
void fill_gradient_RGB( CRGB* leds, uint16_t numLeds, const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2, const CRGB& c3, const CRGB& c4)
{
    uint16_t onethird = (numLeds / 3);
    uint16_t twothirds = ((numLeds * 2) / 3);
    uint16_t last = numLeds - 1;
    fill_gradient_RGB( leds,         0, c1,  onethird, c2);
    fill_gradient_RGB( leds,  onethird, c2, twothirds, c3);
    fill_gradient_RGB( leds, twothirds, c3,      last, c4);
}
 
 
 
 
void nscale8_video( CRGB* leds, uint16_t num_leds, uint8_t scale)
{
    for( uint16_t i = 0; i < num_leds; ++i) {
        leds[i].nscale8_video( scale);
    }
}
 
void fade_video(CRGB* leds, uint16_t num_leds, uint8_t fadeBy)
{
    nscale8_video( leds, num_leds, 255 - fadeBy);
}
 
void fadeLightBy(CRGB* leds, uint16_t num_leds, uint8_t fadeBy)
{
    nscale8_video( leds, num_leds, 255 - fadeBy);
}
 
 
void fadeToBlackBy( CRGB* leds, uint16_t num_leds, uint8_t fadeBy)
{
    nscale8( leds, num_leds, 255 - fadeBy);
}
 
void fade_raw( CRGB* leds, uint16_t num_leds, uint8_t fadeBy)
{
    nscale8( leds, num_leds, 255 - fadeBy);
}
 
void nscale8_raw( CRGB* leds, uint16_t num_leds, uint8_t scale)
{
    nscale8( leds, num_leds, scale);
}
 
void nscale8( CRGB* leds, uint16_t num_leds, uint8_t scale)
{
    for( uint16_t i = 0; i < num_leds; ++i) {
        leds[i].nscale8( scale);
    }
}
 
void fadeUsingColor( CRGB* leds, uint16_t numLeds, const CRGB& colormask)
{
    uint8_t fr, fg, fb;
    fr = colormask.r;
    fg = colormask.g;
    fb = colormask.b;
 
    for( uint16_t i = 0; i < numLeds; ++i) {
        leds[i].r = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( leds[i].r, fr);
        leds[i].g = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( leds[i].g, fg);
        leds[i].b = scale8                 ( leds[i].b, fb);
    }
}
 
 
CRGB& nblend( CRGB& existing, const CRGB& overlay, fract8 amountOfOverlay )
{
    if( amountOfOverlay == 0) {
        return existing;
    }
 
    if( amountOfOverlay == 255) {
        existing = overlay;
        return existing;
    }
 
#if 0
    // Old blend method which unfortunately had some rounding errors
    fract8 amountOfKeep = 255 - amountOfOverlay;
 
    existing.red   = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( existing.red,   amountOfKeep)
                    + scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( overlay.red,    amountOfOverlay);
    existing.green = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( existing.green, amountOfKeep)
                    + scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( overlay.green,  amountOfOverlay);
    existing.blue  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( existing.blue,  amountOfKeep)
                    + scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( overlay.blue,   amountOfOverlay);
 
    cleanup_R1();
#else
    // Corrected blend method, with no loss-of-precision rounding errors
    existing.red   = blend8( existing.red,   overlay.red,   amountOfOverlay);
    existing.green = blend8( existing.green, overlay.green, amountOfOverlay);
    existing.blue  = blend8( existing.blue,  overlay.blue,  amountOfOverlay);
#endif
    
    return existing;
}
 
 
 
void nblend( CRGB* existing, CRGB* overlay, uint16_t count, fract8 amountOfOverlay)
{
    for( uint16_t i = count; i; --i) {
        nblend( *existing, *overlay, amountOfOverlay);
        ++existing;
        ++overlay;
    }
}
 
CRGB blend( const CRGB& p1, const CRGB& p2, fract8 amountOfP2 )
{
    CRGB nu(p1);
    nblend( nu, p2, amountOfP2);
    return nu;
}
 
CRGB* blend( const CRGB* src1, const CRGB* src2, CRGB* dest, uint16_t count, fract8 amountOfsrc2 )
{
    for( uint16_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        dest[i] = blend(src1[i], src2[i], amountOfsrc2);
    }
    return dest;
}
 
 
 
CHSV& nblend( CHSV& existing, const CHSV& overlay, fract8 amountOfOverlay, TGradientDirectionCode directionCode)
{
    if( amountOfOverlay == 0) {
        return existing;
    }
 
    if( amountOfOverlay == 255) {
        existing = overlay;
        return existing;
    }
 
    fract8 amountOfKeep = 255 - amountOfOverlay;
 
    uint8_t huedelta8 = overlay.hue - existing.hue;
 
    if( directionCode == SHORTEST_HUES ) {
        directionCode = FORWARD_HUES;
        if( huedelta8 > 127) {
            directionCode = BACKWARD_HUES;
        }
    }
 
    if( directionCode == LONGEST_HUES ) {
        directionCode = FORWARD_HUES;
        if( huedelta8 < 128) {
            directionCode = BACKWARD_HUES;
        }
    }
 
    if( directionCode == FORWARD_HUES) {
        existing.hue = existing.hue + scale8( huedelta8, amountOfOverlay);
    }
    else /* directionCode == BACKWARD_HUES */
    {
        huedelta8 = -huedelta8;
        existing.hue = existing.hue - scale8( huedelta8, amountOfOverlay);
    }
 
    existing.sat   = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( existing.sat,   amountOfKeep)
    + scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( overlay.sat,    amountOfOverlay);
    existing.val = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( existing.val, amountOfKeep)
    + scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( overlay.val,  amountOfOverlay);
 
    cleanup_R1();
 
    return existing;
}
 
 
 
void nblend( CHSV* existing, CHSV* overlay, uint16_t count, fract8 amountOfOverlay, TGradientDirectionCode directionCode )
{
    if(existing == overlay) return;
    for( uint16_t i = count; i; --i) {
        nblend( *existing, *overlay, amountOfOverlay, directionCode);
        ++existing;
        ++overlay;
    }
}
 
CHSV blend( const CHSV& p1, const CHSV& p2, fract8 amountOfP2, TGradientDirectionCode directionCode )
{
    CHSV nu(p1);
    nblend( nu, p2, amountOfP2, directionCode);
    return nu;
}
 
CHSV* blend( const CHSV* src1, const CHSV* src2, CHSV* dest, uint16_t count, fract8 amountOfsrc2, TGradientDirectionCode directionCode )
{
    for( uint16_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        dest[i] = blend(src1[i], src2[i], amountOfsrc2, directionCode);
    }
    return dest;
}
 
 
 
// blur1d: one-dimensional blur filter. Spreads light to 2 line neighbors.
// blur2d: two-dimensional blur filter. Spreads light to 8 XY neighbors.
//
//           0 = no spread at all
//          64 = moderate spreading
//         172 = maximum smooth, even spreading
//
//         173..255 = wider spreading, but increasing flicker
//
//         Total light is NOT entirely conserved, so many repeated
//         calls to 'blur' will also result in the light fading,
//         eventually all the way to black; this is by design so that
//         it can be used to (slowly) clear the LEDs to black.
void blur1d( CRGB* leds, uint16_t numLeds, fract8 blur_amount)
{
    uint8_t keep = 255 - blur_amount;
    uint8_t seep = blur_amount >> 1;
    CRGB carryover = CRGB::Black;
    for( uint16_t i = 0; i < numLeds; ++i) {
        CRGB cur = leds[i];
        CRGB part = cur;
        part.nscale8( seep);
        cur.nscale8( keep);
        cur += carryover;
        if( i) leds[i-1] += part;
        leds[i] = cur;
        carryover = part;
    }
}
 
void blur2d( CRGB* leds, uint8_t width, uint8_t height, fract8 blur_amount, const XYMap& xymap)
{
    blurRows(leds, width, height, blur_amount, xymap);
    blurColumns(leds, width, height, blur_amount, xymap);
}
 
void blurRows( CRGB* leds, uint8_t width, uint8_t height, fract8 blur_amount, const XYMap& xyMap)
{
 
/*    for( uint8_t row = 0; row < height; row++) {
        CRGB* rowbase = leds + (row * width);
        blur1d( rowbase, width, blur_amount);
    }
*/
    // blur rows same as columns, for irregular matrix
    uint8_t keep = 255 - blur_amount;
    uint8_t seep = blur_amount >> 1;
    for( uint8_t row = 0; row < height; row++) {
        CRGB carryover = CRGB::Black;
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < width; i++) {
            CRGB cur = leds[xyMap.mapToIndex(i,row)];
            CRGB part = cur;
            part.nscale8( seep);
            cur.nscale8( keep);
            cur += carryover;
            if( i) leds[xyMap.mapToIndex(i-1,row)] += part;
            leds[xyMap.mapToIndex(i,row)] = cur;
            carryover = part;
        }
    }
}
 
// blurColumns: perform a blur1d on each column of a rectangular matrix
void blurColumns(CRGB* leds, uint8_t width, uint8_t height, fract8 blur_amount, const XYMap& xyMap)
{
    // blur columns
    uint8_t keep = 255 - blur_amount;
    uint8_t seep = blur_amount >> 1;
    for( uint8_t col = 0; col < width; ++col) {
        CRGB carryover = CRGB::Black;
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
            CRGB cur = leds[xyMap.mapToIndex(col,i)];
            CRGB part = cur;
            part.nscale8( seep);
            cur.nscale8( keep);
            cur += carryover;
            if( i) leds[xyMap.mapToIndex(col,i-1)] += part;
            leds[xyMap.mapToIndex(col,i)] = cur;
            carryover = part;
        }
    }
}
 
 
 
// CRGB HeatColor( uint8_t temperature)
//
// Approximates a 'black body radiation' spectrum for
// a given 'heat' level.  This is useful for animations of 'fire'.
// Heat is specified as an arbitrary scale from 0 (cool) to 255 (hot).
// This is NOT a chromatically correct 'black body radiation'
// spectrum, but it's surprisingly close, and it's fast and small.
//
// On AVR/Arduino, this typically takes around 70 bytes of program memory,
// versus 768 bytes for a full 256-entry RGB lookup table.
 
CRGB HeatColor( uint8_t temperature)
{
    CRGB heatcolor;
 
    // Scale 'heat' down from 0-255 to 0-191,
    // which can then be easily divided into three
    // equal 'thirds' of 64 units each.
    uint8_t t192 = scale8_video( temperature, 191);
 
    // calculate a value that ramps up from
    // zero to 255 in each 'third' of the scale.
    uint8_t heatramp = t192 & 0x3F; // 0..63
    heatramp <<= 2; // scale up to 0..252
 
    // now figure out which third of the spectrum we're in:
    if( t192 & 0x80) {
        // we're in the hottest third
        heatcolor.r = 255; // full red
        heatcolor.g = 255; // full green
        heatcolor.b = heatramp; // ramp up blue
 
    } else if( t192 & 0x40 ) {
        // we're in the middle third
        heatcolor.r = 255; // full red
        heatcolor.g = heatramp; // ramp up green
        heatcolor.b = 0; // no blue
 
    } else {
        // we're in the coolest third
        heatcolor.r = heatramp; // ramp up red
        heatcolor.g = 0; // no green
        heatcolor.b = 0; // no blue
    }
 
    return heatcolor;
}
 
 
inline uint8_t lsrX4( uint8_t dividend) __attribute__((always_inline));
inline uint8_t lsrX4( uint8_t dividend)
{
#if defined(__AVR__)
    dividend /= 2;
    dividend /= 2;
    dividend /= 2;
    dividend /= 2;
#else
    dividend >>= 4;
#endif
    return dividend;
}
 
CRGB ColorFromPaletteExtended(const CRGBPalette32& pal, uint16_t index, uint8_t brightness, TBlendType blendType) {
  // Extract the five most significant bits of the index as a palette index.
  uint8_t index_5bit = (index >> 11);
  // Calculate the 8-bit offset from the palette index.
  uint8_t offset = (uint8_t)(index >> 3);
  // Get the palette entry from the 5-bit index
  const CRGB* entry = &(pal[0]) + index_5bit;
  uint8_t red1   = entry->red;
  uint8_t green1 = entry->green;
  uint8_t blue1  = entry->blue;
 
  uint8_t blend = offset && (blendType != NOBLEND);
  if (blend) {
    if (index_5bit == 31) {
      entry = &(pal[0]);
    } else {
      entry++;
    }
 
    // Calculate the scaling factor and scaled values for the lower palette value.
    uint8_t f1 = 255 - offset;
    red1   = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(red1,   f1);
    green1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(green1, f1);
    blue1  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(blue1,  f1);
 
    // Calculate the scaled values for the neighbouring palette value.
    uint8_t red2   = entry->red;
    uint8_t green2 = entry->green;
    uint8_t blue2  = entry->blue;
    red2   = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(red2,   offset);
    green2 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(green2, offset);
    blue2  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(blue2,  offset);
    cleanup_R1();
 
    // These sums can't overflow, so no qadd8 needed.
    red1   += red2;
    green1 += green2;
    blue1  += blue2;
  }
  if (brightness != 255) {
    nscale8x3_video(red1, green1, blue1, brightness);
  }
  return CRGB(red1, green1, blue1);
}
 
CRGB ColorFromPalette( const CRGBPalette16& pal, uint8_t index, uint8_t brightness, TBlendType blendType)
{
   if ( blendType == LINEARBLEND_NOWRAP) {
     index = map8(index, 0, 239);  // Blend range is affected by lo4 blend of values, remap to avoid wrapping
   }
 
    //      hi4 = index >> 4;
    uint8_t hi4 = lsrX4(index);
    uint8_t lo4 = index & 0x0F;
    
    // const CRGB* entry = &(pal[0]) + hi4;
    // since hi4 is always 0..15, hi4 * sizeof(CRGB) can be a single-byte value,
    // instead of the two byte 'int' that avr-gcc defaults to.
    // So, we multiply hi4 X sizeof(CRGB), giving hi4XsizeofCRGB;
    uint8_t hi4XsizeofCRGB = hi4 * sizeof(CRGB);
    // We then add that to a base array pointer.
    const CRGB* entry = (CRGB*)( (uint8_t*)(&(pal[0])) + hi4XsizeofCRGB);
    
    uint8_t blend = lo4 && (blendType != NOBLEND);
    
    uint8_t red1   = entry->red;
    uint8_t green1 = entry->green;
    uint8_t blue1  = entry->blue;
    
    
    if( blend ) {
        
        if( hi4 == 15 ) {
            entry = &(pal[0]);
        } else {
            ++entry;
        }
        
        uint8_t f2 = lo4 << 4;
        uint8_t f1 = 255 - f2;
        
        //    rgb1.nscale8(f1);
        uint8_t red2   = entry->red;
        red1   = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( red1,   f1);
        red2   = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( red2,   f2);
        red1   += red2;
 
        uint8_t green2 = entry->green;
        green1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( green1, f1);
        green2 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( green2, f2);
        green1 += green2;
 
        uint8_t blue2  = entry->blue;
        blue1  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( blue1,  f1);
        blue2  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( blue2,  f2);
        blue1  += blue2;
        
        cleanup_R1();
    }
    
    if( brightness != 255) {
        if( brightness ) {
            ++brightness; // adjust for rounding
            // Now, since brightness is nonzero, we don't need the full scale8_video logic;
            // we can just to scale8 and then add one (unless scale8 fixed) to all nonzero inputs.
            if( red1 )   {
                red1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( red1, brightness);
#if !(FASTLED_SCALE8_FIXED==1)
                ++red1;
#endif
            }
            if( green1 ) {
                green1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( green1, brightness);
#if !(FASTLED_SCALE8_FIXED==1)
                ++green1;
#endif
            }
            if( blue1 )  {
                blue1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( blue1, brightness);
#if !(FASTLED_SCALE8_FIXED==1)
                ++blue1;
#endif
            }
            cleanup_R1();
        } else {
            red1 = 0;
            green1 = 0;
            blue1 = 0;
        }
    }
    
    return CRGB( red1, green1, blue1);
}
 
CRGB ColorFromPaletteExtended(const CRGBPalette16& pal, uint16_t index, uint8_t brightness, TBlendType blendType) {
  // Extract the four most significant bits of the index as a palette index.
  uint8_t index_4bit = index >> 12;
  // Calculate the 8-bit offset from the palette index.
  uint8_t offset = (uint8_t)(index >> 4);
  // Get the palette entry from the 4-bit index
  const CRGB* entry = &(pal[0]) + index_4bit;
  uint8_t red1   = entry->red;
  uint8_t green1 = entry->green;
  uint8_t blue1  = entry->blue;
 
  uint8_t blend = offset && (blendType != NOBLEND);
  if (blend) {
    if (index_4bit == 15) {
      entry = &(pal[0]);
    } else {
      entry++;
    }
 
    // Calculate the scaling factor and scaled values for the lower palette value.
    uint8_t f1 = 255 - offset;
    red1   = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(red1,   f1);
    green1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(green1, f1);
    blue1  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(blue1,  f1);
 
    // Calculate the scaled values for the neighbouring palette value.
    uint8_t red2   = entry->red;
    uint8_t green2 = entry->green;
    uint8_t blue2  = entry->blue;
    red2   = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(red2,   offset);
    green2 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(green2, offset);
    blue2  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(blue2,  offset);
    cleanup_R1();
 
    // These sums can't overflow, so no qadd8 needed.
    red1   += red2;
    green1 += green2;
    blue1  += blue2;
  }
  if (brightness != 255) {
    // nscale8x3_video(red1, green1, blue1, brightness);
    nscale8x3(red1, green1, blue1, brightness);
  }
  return CRGB(red1, green1, blue1);
}
 
CRGB ColorFromPalette( const TProgmemRGBPalette16& pal, uint8_t index, uint8_t brightness, TBlendType blendType)
{
   if ( blendType == LINEARBLEND_NOWRAP) {
     index = map8(index, 0, 239);  // Blend range is affected by lo4 blend of values, remap to avoid wrapping
   }
 
    //      hi4 = index >> 4;
    uint8_t hi4 = lsrX4(index);
    uint8_t lo4 = index & 0x0F;
 
    CRGB entry(FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( &(pal[0]) + hi4 ));
    
 
    uint8_t red1   = entry.red;
    uint8_t green1 = entry.green;
    uint8_t blue1  = entry.blue;
 
    uint8_t blend = lo4 && (blendType != NOBLEND);
 
    if( blend ) {
 
        if( hi4 == 15 ) {
            entry =   FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( &(pal[0]) );
        } else {
            entry =   FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( &(pal[1]) + hi4 );
        }
 
        uint8_t f2 = lo4 << 4;
        uint8_t f1 = 255 - f2;
 
        uint8_t red2   = entry.red;
        red1   = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( red1,   f1);
        red2   = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( red2,   f2);
        red1   += red2;
 
        uint8_t green2 = entry.green;
        green1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( green1, f1);
        green2 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( green2, f2);
        green1 += green2;
 
        uint8_t blue2  = entry.blue;
        blue1  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( blue1,  f1);
        blue2  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( blue2,  f2);
        blue1  += blue2;
 
        cleanup_R1();
    }
 
    if( brightness != 255) {
        if( brightness ) {
            ++brightness; // adjust for rounding
            // Now, since brightness is nonzero, we don't need the full scale8_video logic;
            // we can just to scale8 and then add one (unless scale8 fixed) to all nonzero inputs.
            if( red1 )   {
                red1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( red1, brightness);
#if !(FASTLED_SCALE8_FIXED==1)
                ++red1;
#endif
            }
            if( green1 ) {
                green1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( green1, brightness);
#if !(FASTLED_SCALE8_FIXED==1)
                ++green1;
#endif
            }
            if( blue1 )  {
                blue1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( blue1, brightness);
#if !(FASTLED_SCALE8_FIXED==1)
                ++blue1;
#endif
            }
            cleanup_R1();
        } else {
            red1 = 0;
            green1 = 0;
            blue1 = 0;
        }
    }
 
    return CRGB( red1, green1, blue1);
}
 
 
CRGB ColorFromPalette( const CRGBPalette32& pal, uint8_t index, uint8_t brightness, TBlendType blendType)
{
   if ( blendType == LINEARBLEND_NOWRAP) {
     index = map8(index, 0, 247);  // Blend range is affected by lo3 blend of values, remap to avoid wrapping
   }
 
    uint8_t hi5 = index;
#if defined(__AVR__)
    hi5 /= 2;
    hi5 /= 2;
    hi5 /= 2;
#else
    hi5 >>= 3;
#endif
    uint8_t lo3 = index & 0x07;
    
    // const CRGB* entry = &(pal[0]) + hi5;
    // since hi5 is always 0..31, hi4 * sizeof(CRGB) can be a single-byte value,
    // instead of the two byte 'int' that avr-gcc defaults to.
    // So, we multiply hi5 X sizeof(CRGB), giving hi5XsizeofCRGB;
    uint8_t hi5XsizeofCRGB = hi5 * sizeof(CRGB);
    // We then add that to a base array pointer.
    const CRGB* entry = (CRGB*)( (uint8_t*)(&(pal[0])) + hi5XsizeofCRGB);
    
    uint8_t red1   = entry->red;
    uint8_t green1 = entry->green;
    uint8_t blue1  = entry->blue;
    
    uint8_t blend = lo3 && (blendType != NOBLEND);
    
    if( blend ) {
        
        if( hi5 == 31 ) {
            entry = &(pal[0]);
        } else {
            ++entry;
        }
        
        uint8_t f2 = lo3 << 5;
        uint8_t f1 = 255 - f2;
        
        uint8_t red2   = entry->red;
        red1   = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( red1,   f1);
        red2   = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( red2,   f2);
        red1   += red2;
        
        uint8_t green2 = entry->green;
        green1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( green1, f1);
        green2 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( green2, f2);
        green1 += green2;
        
        uint8_t blue2  = entry->blue;
        blue1  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( blue1,  f1);
        blue2  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( blue2,  f2);
        blue1  += blue2;
 
        cleanup_R1();
        
    }
    
    if( brightness != 255) {
        if( brightness ) {
            ++brightness; // adjust for rounding
            // Now, since brightness is nonzero, we don't need the full scale8_video logic;
            // we can just to scale8 and then add one (unless scale8 fixed) to all nonzero inputs.
            if( red1 )   {
                red1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( red1, brightness);
#if !(FASTLED_SCALE8_FIXED==1)
                ++red1;
#endif
            }
            if( green1 ) {
                green1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( green1, brightness);
#if !(FASTLED_SCALE8_FIXED==1)
                ++green1;
#endif
            }
            if( blue1 )  {
                blue1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( blue1, brightness);
#if !(FASTLED_SCALE8_FIXED==1)
                ++blue1;
#endif
            }
            cleanup_R1();
        } else {
            red1 = 0;
            green1 = 0;
            blue1 = 0;
        }
    }
    
    return CRGB( red1, green1, blue1);
}
 
 
CRGB ColorFromPalette( const TProgmemRGBPalette32& pal, uint8_t index, uint8_t brightness, TBlendType blendType)
{
   if ( blendType == LINEARBLEND_NOWRAP) {
     index = map8(index, 0, 247);  // Blend range is affected by lo3 blend of values, remap to avoid wrapping
   }
 
    uint8_t hi5 = index;
#if defined(__AVR__)
    hi5 /= 2;
    hi5 /= 2;
    hi5 /= 2;
#else
    hi5 >>= 3;
#endif
    uint8_t lo3 = index & 0x07;
    
    CRGB entry(FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( &(pal[0]) + hi5));
    
    uint8_t red1   = entry.red;
    uint8_t green1 = entry.green;
    uint8_t blue1  = entry.blue;
    
    uint8_t blend = lo3 && (blendType != NOBLEND);
    
    if( blend ) {
        
        if( hi5 == 31 ) {
            entry =   FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( &(pal[0]) );
        } else {
            entry =   FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( &(pal[1]) + hi5 );
        }
        
        uint8_t f2 = lo3 << 5;
        uint8_t f1 = 255 - f2;
        
        uint8_t red2   = entry.red;
        red1   = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( red1,   f1);
        red2   = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( red2,   f2);
        red1   += red2;
        
        uint8_t green2 = entry.green;
        green1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( green1, f1);
        green2 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( green2, f2);
        green1 += green2;
        
        uint8_t blue2  = entry.blue;
        blue1  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( blue1,  f1);
        blue2  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( blue2,  f2);
        blue1  += blue2;
        
        cleanup_R1();
    }
    
    if( brightness != 255) {
        if( brightness ) {
            ++brightness; // adjust for rounding
            // Now, since brightness is nonzero, we don't need the full scale8_video logic;
            // we can just to scale8 and then add one (unless scale8 fixed) to all nonzero inputs.
            if( red1 )   {
                red1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( red1, brightness);
#if !(FASTLED_SCALE8_FIXED==1)
                ++red1;
#endif
            }
            if( green1 ) {
                green1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( green1, brightness);
#if !(FASTLED_SCALE8_FIXED==1)
                ++green1;
#endif
            }
            if( blue1 )  {
                blue1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( blue1, brightness);
#if !(FASTLED_SCALE8_FIXED==1)
                ++blue1;
#endif
            }
            cleanup_R1();
        } else {
            red1 = 0;
            green1 = 0;
            blue1 = 0;
        }
    }
    
    return CRGB( red1, green1, blue1);
}
 
 
 
CRGB ColorFromPalette( const CRGBPalette256& pal, uint8_t index, uint8_t brightness, TBlendType)
{
    const CRGB* entry = &(pal[0]) + index;
 
    uint8_t red   = entry->red;
    uint8_t green = entry->green;
    uint8_t blue  = entry->blue;
 
    if( brightness != 255) {
        ++brightness; // adjust for rounding
        red   = scale8_video_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( red,   brightness);
        green = scale8_video_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( green, brightness);
        blue  = scale8_video_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( blue,  brightness);
        cleanup_R1();
    }
 
    return CRGB( red, green, blue);
}
 
CRGB ColorFromPaletteExtended(const CRGBPalette256& pal, uint16_t index, uint8_t brightness, TBlendType blendType) {
  // Extract the eight most significant bits of the index as a palette index.
  uint8_t index_8bit = index >> 8;
  // Calculate the 8-bit offset from the palette index.
  uint8_t offset = index & 0xff;
  // Get the palette entry from the 8-bit index
  const CRGB* entry = &(pal[0]) + index_8bit;
  uint8_t red1   = entry->red;
  uint8_t green1 = entry->green;
  uint8_t blue1  = entry->blue;
 
  uint8_t blend = offset && (blendType != NOBLEND);
  if (blend) {
    if (index_8bit == 255) {
      entry = &(pal[0]);
    } else {
      entry++;
    }
 
    // Calculate the scaling factor and scaled values for the lower palette value.
    uint8_t f1 = 255 - offset;
    red1   = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(red1,   f1);
    green1 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(green1, f1);
    blue1  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(blue1,  f1);
 
    // Calculate the scaled values for the neighbouring palette value.
    uint8_t red2   = entry->red;
    uint8_t green2 = entry->green;
    uint8_t blue2  = entry->blue;
    red2   = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(red2,   offset);
    green2 = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(green2, offset);
    blue2  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY(blue2,  offset);
    cleanup_R1();
 
    // These sums can't overflow, so no qadd8 needed.
    red1   += red2;
    green1 += green2;
    blue1  += blue2;
  }
  if (brightness != 255) {
    // nscale8x3_video(red1, green1, blue1, brightness);
    nscale8x3(red1, green1, blue1, brightness);
  }
  return CRGB(red1, green1, blue1);
}
 
 
 
CHSV ColorFromPalette( const CHSVPalette16& pal, uint8_t index, uint8_t brightness, TBlendType blendType)
{
   if ( blendType == LINEARBLEND_NOWRAP) {
     index = map8(index, 0, 239);  // Blend range is affected by lo4 blend of values, remap to avoid wrapping
   }
 
    //      hi4 = index >> 4;
    uint8_t hi4 = lsrX4(index);
    uint8_t lo4 = index & 0x0F;
 
    //  CRGB rgb1 = pal[ hi4];
    const CHSV* entry = &(pal[0]) + hi4;
 
    uint8_t hue1   = entry->hue;
    uint8_t sat1   = entry->sat;
    uint8_t val1   = entry->val;
 
    uint8_t blend = lo4 && (blendType != NOBLEND);
 
    if( blend ) {
 
        if( hi4 == 15 ) {
            entry = &(pal[0]);
        } else {
            ++entry;
        }
 
        uint8_t f2 = lo4 << 4;
        uint8_t f1 = 255 - f2;
 
        uint8_t hue2  = entry->hue;
        uint8_t sat2  = entry->sat;
        uint8_t val2  = entry->val;
 
        // Now some special casing for blending to or from
        // either black or white.  Black and white don't have
        // proper 'hue' of their own, so when ramping from
        // something else to/from black/white, we set the 'hue'
        // of the black/white color to be the same as the hue
        // of the other color, so that you get the expected
        // brightness or saturation ramp, with hue staying
        // constant:
 
        // If we are starting from white (sat=0)
        // or black (val=0), adopt the target hue.
        if( sat1 == 0 || val1 == 0) {
            hue1 = hue2;
        }
 
        // If we are ending at white (sat=0)
        // or black (val=0), adopt the starting hue.
        if( sat2 == 0 || val2 == 0) {
            hue2 = hue1;
        }
 
 
        sat1  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( sat1, f1);
        val1  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( val1, f1);
 
        sat2  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( sat2, f2);
        val2  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( val2, f2);
 
        //    cleanup_R1();
 
        // These sums can't overflow, so no qadd8 needed.
        sat1  += sat2;
        val1  += val2;
 
        uint8_t deltaHue = (uint8_t)(hue2 - hue1);
        if( deltaHue & 0x80 ) {
          // go backwards
          hue1 -= scale8( 256 - deltaHue, f2);
        } else {
          // go forwards
          hue1 += scale8( deltaHue, f2);
        }
 
        cleanup_R1();
    }
 
    if( brightness != 255) {
        val1 = scale8_video( val1, brightness);
    }
 
    return CHSV( hue1, sat1, val1);
}
 
 
CHSV ColorFromPalette( const CHSVPalette32& pal, uint8_t index, uint8_t brightness, TBlendType blendType)
{
   if ( blendType == LINEARBLEND_NOWRAP) {
     index = map8(index, 0, 247);  // Blend range is affected by lo3 blend of values, remap to avoid wrapping
   }
 
    uint8_t hi5 = index;
#if defined(__AVR__)
    hi5 /= 2;
    hi5 /= 2;
    hi5 /= 2;
#else
    hi5 >>= 3;
#endif
    uint8_t lo3 = index & 0x07;
    
    uint8_t hi5XsizeofCHSV = hi5 * sizeof(CHSV);
    const CHSV* entry = (CHSV*)( (uint8_t*)(&(pal[0])) + hi5XsizeofCHSV);
    
    uint8_t hue1   = entry->hue;
    uint8_t sat1   = entry->sat;
    uint8_t val1   = entry->val;
    
    uint8_t blend = lo3 && (blendType != NOBLEND);
    
    if( blend ) {
        
        if( hi5 == 31 ) {
            entry = &(pal[0]);
        } else {
            ++entry;
        }
        
        uint8_t f2 = lo3 << 5;
        uint8_t f1 = 255 - f2;
        
        uint8_t hue2  = entry->hue;
        uint8_t sat2  = entry->sat;
        uint8_t val2  = entry->val;
        
        // Now some special casing for blending to or from
        // either black or white.  Black and white don't have
        // proper 'hue' of their own, so when ramping from
        // something else to/from black/white, we set the 'hue'
        // of the black/white color to be the same as the hue
        // of the other color, so that you get the expected
        // brightness or saturation ramp, with hue staying
        // constant:
        
        // If we are starting from white (sat=0)
        // or black (val=0), adopt the target hue.
        if( sat1 == 0 || val1 == 0) {
            hue1 = hue2;
        }
        
        // If we are ending at white (sat=0)
        // or black (val=0), adopt the starting hue.
        if( sat2 == 0 || val2 == 0) {
            hue2 = hue1;
        }
        
        
        sat1  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( sat1, f1);
        val1  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( val1, f1);
        
        sat2  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( sat2, f2);
        val2  = scale8_LEAVING_R1_DIRTY( val2, f2);
        
        //    cleanup_R1();
        
        // These sums can't overflow, so no qadd8 needed.
        sat1  += sat2;
        val1  += val2;
        
        uint8_t deltaHue = (uint8_t)(hue2 - hue1);
        if( deltaHue & 0x80 ) {
            // go backwards
            hue1 -= scale8( 256 - deltaHue, f2);
        } else {
            // go forwards
            hue1 += scale8( deltaHue, f2);
        }
        
        cleanup_R1();
    }
    
    if( brightness != 255) {
        val1 = scale8_video( val1, brightness);
    }
    
    return CHSV( hue1, sat1, val1);
}
 
CHSV ColorFromPalette( const CHSVPalette256& pal, uint8_t index, uint8_t brightness, TBlendType)
{
    CHSV hsv = *( &(pal[0]) + index );
 
    if( brightness != 255) {
        hsv.value = scale8_video( hsv.value, brightness);
    }
 
    return hsv;
}
 
 
void UpscalePalette(const class CRGBPalette16& srcpal16, class CRGBPalette256& destpal256)
{
    for( int i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
        destpal256[(uint8_t)(i)] = ColorFromPalette( srcpal16, i);
    }
}
 
void UpscalePalette(const class CHSVPalette16& srcpal16, class CHSVPalette256& destpal256)
{
    for( int i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
        destpal256[(uint8_t)(i)] = ColorFromPalette( srcpal16, i);
    }
}
 
 
void UpscalePalette(const class CRGBPalette16& srcpal16, class CRGBPalette32& destpal32)
{
    for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
        uint8_t j = i * 2;
        destpal32[j+0] = srcpal16[i];
        destpal32[j+1] = srcpal16[i];
    }
}
 
void UpscalePalette(const class CHSVPalette16& srcpal16, class CHSVPalette32& destpal32)
{
    for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
        uint8_t j = i * 2;
        destpal32[j+0] = srcpal16[i];
        destpal32[j+1] = srcpal16[i];
    }
}
 
void UpscalePalette(const class CRGBPalette32& srcpal32, class CRGBPalette256& destpal256)
{
    for( int i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
        destpal256[(uint8_t)(i)] = ColorFromPalette( srcpal32, i);
    }
}
 
void UpscalePalette(const class CHSVPalette32& srcpal32, class CHSVPalette256& destpal256)
{
    for( int i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
        destpal256[(uint8_t)(i)] = ColorFromPalette( srcpal32, i);
    }
}
 
 
 
#if 0
// replaced by PartyColors_p
void SetupPartyColors(CRGBPalette16& pal)
{
    fill_gradient( pal, 0, CHSV( HUE_PURPLE,255,255), 7, CHSV(HUE_YELLOW - 18,255,255), FORWARD_HUES);
    fill_gradient( pal, 8, CHSV( HUE_ORANGE,255,255), 15, CHSV(HUE_BLUE + 18,255,255), BACKWARD_HUES);
}
#endif
 
 
void nblendPaletteTowardPalette( CRGBPalette16& current, CRGBPalette16& target, uint8_t maxChanges)
{
    uint8_t* p1;
    uint8_t* p2;
    uint8_t  changes = 0;
 
    p1 = (uint8_t*)current.entries;
    p2 = (uint8_t*)target.entries;
 
    const uint8_t totalChannels = sizeof(CRGBPalette16);
    for( uint8_t i = 0; i < totalChannels; ++i) {
        // if the values are equal, no changes are needed
        if( p1[i] == p2[i] ) { continue; }
 
        // if the current value is less than the target, increase it by one
        if( p1[i] < p2[i] ) { ++p1[i]; ++changes; }
 
        // if the current value is greater than the target,
        // increase it by one (or two if it's still greater).
        if( p1[i] > p2[i] ) {
            --p1[i]; ++changes;
            if( p1[i] > p2[i] ) { --p1[i]; }
        }
 
        // if we've hit the maximum number of changes, exit
        if( changes >= maxChanges) { break; }
    }
}
 
 
uint8_t applyGamma_video( uint8_t brightness, float gamma)
{
    float orig;
    float adj;
    orig = (float)(brightness) / (255.0);
    adj =  pow( orig, gamma)   * (255.0);
    uint8_t result = (uint8_t)(adj);
    if( (brightness > 0) && (result == 0)) {
        result = 1; // never gamma-adjust a positive number down to zero
    }
    return result;
}
 
CRGB applyGamma_video( const CRGB& orig, float gamma)
{
    CRGB adj;
    adj.r = applyGamma_video( orig.r, gamma);
    adj.g = applyGamma_video( orig.g, gamma);
    adj.b = applyGamma_video( orig.b, gamma);
    return adj;
}
 
CRGB applyGamma_video( const CRGB& orig, float gammaR, float gammaG, float gammaB)
{
    CRGB adj;
    adj.r = applyGamma_video( orig.r, gammaR);
    adj.g = applyGamma_video( orig.g, gammaG);
    adj.b = applyGamma_video( orig.b, gammaB);
    return adj;
}
 
CRGB& napplyGamma_video( CRGB& rgb, float gamma)
{
    rgb = applyGamma_video( rgb, gamma);
    return rgb;
}
 
CRGB& napplyGamma_video( CRGB& rgb, float gammaR, float gammaG, float gammaB)
{
    rgb = applyGamma_video( rgb, gammaR, gammaG, gammaB);
    return rgb;
}
 
void napplyGamma_video( CRGB* rgbarray, uint16_t count, float gamma)
{
    for( uint16_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        rgbarray[i] = applyGamma_video( rgbarray[i], gamma);
    }
}
 
void napplyGamma_video( CRGB* rgbarray, uint16_t count, float gammaR, float gammaG, float gammaB)
{
    for( uint16_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        rgbarray[i] = applyGamma_video( rgbarray[i], gammaR, gammaG, gammaB);
    }
}
 
 
FASTLED_NAMESPACE_END